It’s not hard to remember a time when acids were confined to chemistry class or the weapon of choice for Bond villains — not used as exfoliants that go on your face. Fast forward a few years, and chemical exfoliation has gone mainstream, stepping out of medical clinics and onto drugstore shelves as chemical exfoliants, exfoliators, and more.

The reality is acids are not frightening at all. When harnessed in controlled quantities, they can dissolve dead skin cells, as well as oil, dirt, and bacteria, to deliver a level of clean you simply couldn’t get from a face wash or physical exfoliator. Instead, it provides a deeper exfoliation to help clear out the most stubborn of skin problems. 

Big pores? Glycolic acid. Dull skin? Mandelic acid. Dry skin? Lactic acid. Oily skin? Salicylic acid. Despite contrary belief, chemical exfoliators are suitable for a wide variety of skin types and don’t have to be a burden on your skincare routine. 

Here are our top picks for the best chemical exfoliants depending on the specific skin issues you may be dealing with.

Best Overall Chemical Exfoliant

Dr Dennis Gross Alpha Beta Universal Daily Peel

Dr Dennis Gross is the godfather of acids, so it’s no surprise his first at-home chemical peel is a cult-favorite. A blend of five acids (including salicylic to dissolve excess oil), plus antioxidants and vitamins, it comes in two steps: one to exfoliate and one to strengthen skin. This is the chemical exfoliant to splurge on if you want to change the tone and texture of your skin overnight.

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Best Everyday Chemical Exfoliant

Anthony Purifying Astringent Pads

Astringent pads are a great option if you want total ease a few swipes over the skin and you’re done. Strong enough to give results but soothing enough for daily use, Anthony’s blend of witch hazel, azelaic acid and aloe vera will strip the skin of impurities and excess oil without drying your complexion. With 60 vegan-friendly pads in the tub, you get a decent bang for your buck, too.

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Best Chemical Exfoliant For Dry Skin

The Ordinary Lactic Acid + HA

Lactic acid is as hydrating as it is exfoliating. Combine that with the humectant properties of hyaluronic acid (capable of holding up to 1,000 times its weight in water), and you’ve got one serious dry skin destroyer. Ensure water doesn’t escape once it is drawn up to the top of the dermis by sealing it in with a good moisturizer.

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Best Chemical Exfoliant for Oily Skin

Dermalogy by NeoGenLab Bio-Peel Gauze Peeling Pads

Battling oily skin? Don’t fret – these easy-to-use pads are just the trick. Formulated with Resveratrol, which is a powerful antioxidant found in wine, these pads deliver firming and tightening benefits, leaving skin looking fresh, healthy, and youthful while also removing the excess sebum that accumulates on more naturally oily skin.

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Best Chemical Exfoliant For Sensitive Skin

111SKIN Exfolactic Cleanser

Having sensitive skin is a frustrating condition to deal with. The trick is to use products less often so your face has time to calm any inflammation or irritation. Instead of a pure chemical exfoliant, opt for a cleanser with exfoliating properties. This one by 111SKIN is designed to stay on the skin for only a short period before being neutralised by water.

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Best Chemical Exfoliant For Combination Skin

DCL Multi-Action Penta Peel

For a chemical exfoliant that packs a serious punch, it’s hard to go wrong with DCL’s Multi-Action Penta Peel Pads. Don’t let the name frighten you, though. The product doesn’t leave your face tight or red. Instead, the blend of acids (salicylic, hyaluronic, lactic, phytic and mandelic) will conquer all concerns, leaving your face so smooth you won’t be able to stop touching it.

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Best Chemical Exfoliant For Acne Prone Skin

Alpha H Clear Skin Tonic

If you have acne prone skin, reach for a product containing salicylic acid. The only oil-dissolving acid, it will get deep into blocked pores and clean them out. Clear Skin Tonic by Alpha H is enriched with chamomile, cucumber, arnica and thyme to calm any inflammation and redness.

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Best Gentle Chemical Exfoliant

The Inkey List PHA Toner

Relatively new on the skincare scene, PHAs (polyhydroxy acids) offer the most gentle form of chemical exfoliant that sloughs away dead skin cells while also drawing water into the top layers. If your skin is dull, dry or congested, this is The Inky List’s PHA Toner is the chemical exfoliant to go for. Combining the gentle acid with aloe vera and niacinamide (a form of vitamin B), this toner will  have you looking fresh.

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Best Chemical Exfoliant For Ingrown Hairs

Malin+Goetz Ingrown Hair Cream

Physical exfoliation is a great way to take care of everyday ingrown hairs. For particularly stubborn ones, or for sensitive skin that loathes too much fuss, however, there’s Malin+Goetz’s chemical exfoliant cream. Glycolic and salicylic acid will get rid of any trapped debris, while vitamin B5 helps heal broken skin. It works on both the body and face for that post-manscaping routine.

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Best Chemical Exfoliant For Blackheads & Bumpy Skin

Paula’s Choice Skin Perfecting 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant

Ask any grooming expert how to tackle pesky blackheads, and they will tell you that this is the product for this issue. Created by industry favorite Paula’s Choice, the two per cent salicylic acid formula wastes no time dissolving oil sitting inside clogged pores. For the full effect, combine it with a charcoal mask to see off the rest of the deep-rooted gunk.

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Best Chemical Exfoliant For Spots & Uneven Skin

Votary Blemish Rescue Oil

If it’s just the occasional spot you suffer from rather than full-blown acne, give this blemish-rescue oil a go. Applying oil to a spot might sound counterintuitive, but that’s not the case. Spots are almost always dry and damaged around the area they’ve surfaced, breaking the skin and causing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. This little warrior negates all of that, dissolving bacteria while nourishing the surrounding area.

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Best Exfoliating Pads

Bliss That’s Incredi-Peel Glycolic Acid Pads

Sometimes you need the strength of a chemical exfoliant in a quick and easy-to-use pad. Moulded after Bliss Spa facial peels, these pads use 10% glycolic acid to improve skin after one use. Targeting fine lines, discoloration and other imperfections, the pads leave skin looking brighter and smoother at a fraction of the time other exfoliants would.

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Best Exfoliating Mask

Olehenriksen PHAT mask

Made for all skin types, this age-fighting face mask works like a facial and has potent PHAs and Nordic birch sap to exfoliate, illuminate, and brighten skin. Leave it on for 15 minutes and emerge with skin that is as smooth as can be — and so soft that neither you nor your loved ones will want to keep their hands off.

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Best Chemical Exfoliant For Body

REN AHA Smart Renewal Body Serum

Acids aren’t just for your face; your body is prone to collecting dead skin cells that even the best shower gel can’t wash away, so it needs exfoliating too. Part serum, part moisturizer, part exfoliant, Ren’s AHA-infused body treatment will soften any rough bumps, get rid of built-up cells and pep-up dull areas, so you can strip off without shame and reveal smooth skin.

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Best Skin Smoothing Exfoliant

Sunday Riley Good Genes

This versatile exfoliant can be used in the morning or at night (or both!) depending on what you need. Best used as a leave-on treatment or face mask, this lactic acid, AHA serum targets pores, hyperpigmentation, and dark spots. It is also clinically proven to reduce the look of wrinkles and fine lines, smoothing out your face and giving you a taste of the fountain of youth.

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Chemical Exfoliation FAQs:

What is a chemical exfoliant, and how does it work?

Chemical exfoliants are acids that react with the skin, removing built-up layers of dead cells and excess oil that can cause dull skin and blemishes.

“The results of chemical exfoliation are generally more uniform versus physical,” adds the godfather of acids himself, Dr Dennis Gross. “Though physical exfoliators do remove dead skin, it’s like taking sandpaper to a wood surface; if you look closely, you can see scratches. Chemical exfoliants safely remove the top layer of dead skin, allowing new, youthful, healthy skin to show through.”

However, all acids have a different cellular composition. Those made up of large molecules focus on the outer layers of skin, while some are much finer, able to dive deep within the dermis for a more thorough exfoliation.

What are the different types of acid? 

Here’s a quick rundown of the type of acids you’ll find in chemical exfoliators and what each one does.

1. AHA (Alpha-hydroxy acids)

AHAs are a family of acids, including glycolic, lactic, mandelic, malic and tartaric, that are water-soluble. These are the ones you go to if texture, pigmentation, pores or a lacklustre complexion blight you. “AHAs [are] a great chemical exfoliating agent,” explains Dr Gross. “These improve cell turnover for a brighter, clearer and younger appearance. They can also help lighten brown spots that result from sun damage.”

2. BHA (Beta-hydroxy acids)

BHAs, which mainly consist of salicylic acid, are oil-soluble and therefore able to dive deep into pores to dissolve excess sebum that can mix with dirt, dead skin cells and bacteria to cause blemishes. If blackheads, spots and general oiliness are your concern, go for a BHA.

3. Glycolic Acid

“Glycolic acid is an AHA with the smallest molecular structure, which allows it to penetrate the skin for deeper exfoliation. Glycolic acid is used to improve the skin’s appearance and texture through exfoliation while reducing fine lines, hyperpigmentation, dark spots and uneven skin tone.”

4. Lactic Acid

“Lactic acid is a naturally-occurring acid that’s more gentle than glycolic acid. Lactic acid helps exfoliate as well as speed up cell renewal and turnover. It’s a great choice if you’re looking for a multi-tasker.”

5. Salicylic Acid

“Salicylic acid is a BHA that exfoliates the skin, reducing the number of pore blockages while building elastin and collagen. It’s also an anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory acid which helps to calm and clarify the skin, making it suitable for combination to oily and acne-prone skin.”

How often should I use a chemical exfoliant?

“In the past, dermatologists advised against daily chemical exfoliation forget this,” says Dr Gross. “Today we have advancements in formulations which allow us to exfoliate daily without stripping or irritating the skin.”

If you are new to acids, though, it’s wise to start with a chemical exfoliant twice a week and work your way up to daily.

Are chemical exfoliants bad for your skin?

The short answer is while the name may sound scary, chemical exfoliants, when used correctly, are good for your skin — not bad. As long as you’re not overdoing it, you should be fine. If you’re concerned, do a patch test by testing the exfoliant on a section of your skin. 

What’s the difference between chemical and physical exfoliation?

You’ve likely heard of people scrubbing dead skin off of themselves with different tools in the shower or seen labels for “exfoliating beads” in face washes. This is what’s referred to as physical exfoliation or removing the dead skin cells manually.

Chemical exfoliation does the same thing using acids, which allows them to penetrate more deeply than physical exfoliation, which doesn’t get past surface-level gunk.